William Cartwright

Professor William Cartwright

Extended Profile

William Cartwright is Professor of Cartography in the School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences at RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia, where he specialises in the application of New Media technologies to Cartography. He joined the University after spending a number of years in both the government and private sectors of the mapping industry. He holds undergraduate qualifications in Cartography and graduate qualifications in education, media studies, information and communication technology education and graphic design. He is the Chair of the Joint Board of Geospatial Information Societies and Immediate Past-President of the International Cartographic Association and a member of the ICA’s Commission Art and Cartography.

SUMMARY
Over thirty years experience in the tertiary education sector in Australia, Great Britain, Austria and Spain. Focussed research on New Media applications to the depiction of geospatial information since 1984. On-going research and applied research applications have explored the potential of new approaches for cartography.

QUALIFICATIONS
Diploma of Applied Science (RMIT)
Bachelor of Applied Science (VIC)
Doctor of Philosophy (Melb)
Doctor of Education (RMIT)
Graduate Diploma in Education (HIE)
Graduate Diploma in Media Studies (Victoria College)
Graduate Diploma in Information and Communications Technology Education (Melb)
Graduate Diploma in Graphic Communication Education (Melb)
Certificate of Survey Drafting (RMIT)

ACADEMIC POSTS:

Professor in Cartography, School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, RMIT. (Commenced employment at RMIT 1979)

Adjunct Professor, Initiativkolleg - Cultural Transfers and Cross-Contacts in the Himalayan Borderlands, Universität Wien, Austria, 2010-.

Honorary Professor, Chinese University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China, 2006 –

MEMBERSHIP OF PROFESSIONAL ORGANISATIONS:
Fellow, Royal Geographical Society
Fellow, British Cartographic Society (BCS)
Honorary Fellow, Mapping Sciences Institute, Australia (MSIA)
Honorary Fellow, Surveying and Spatial Sciences Institute (SSI)
Member, Australian and New Zealand Map Society (ANZMaps)
Member, Society of Cartographers, UK (SoC)

EDITORIAL BOARDS:
Member of Editorial Board and Editor for the Pacific Rim, The Cartographic Journal, Journal of the British Cartographic Society
Member of Editorial Board, Transactions in GIS (USA/UK), Blackwell Publishers.
Member of Editorial Board, Cartographica, Journal of the Canadian Geomatics Association
Member or the Advisory Panel, The History of Cartography Project, Volume 6, The University of Chicago Press.
Member, Editorial Council, Brazilian Journal of Cartography, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Cartography, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

SUPERVISION OF GRADUATE STUDENTS:

Currently the senior supervisor of one M App Sci candidate and three PhD students at RMIT. Second supervisor of one PhD student in Design and Social Context Portfolio, RMIT. All candidates are undertaking research into the application of New Media to the spatial sciences.

Research and Consultancy

Research has been undertaken in the area of the application of electronic media as a tool for the dissemination of geographical information since 1985. Early innovative research was conducted into the application of New Media to the spatial sciences and the development of videodisc, CD-ROM and Web applications for geographical information visualization. This research has linked New Media, especially using digital interactive multimedia on videodisc, CD-ROM and the Web, to the visualization of spatial data.

In 1987 produced, the Queenscliff Videodisc, which is one of the few interactive videodiscs produced in Australia. The videodisc formed part of RMIT’s display in the Science Fair, held at the World Convention Centre in 1993. Later versions of the product were published on CD-ROM and the Web. This research and was formalised through the concept of a GeoExploratorium, a hybrid CD-ROM/Web resource that enabled users to understand geography by exploring geographical space using metaphors that were user-driven. This was a system for providing access to Rich Media through the use of a metaphor ‘suite’ that could aid the building of Geographical Knowledge. Further explorations formalized how multimedia might be employed for enhancing map-delivered geographical information.

A current research and development program is addressing this problem by developing a (geo)information realisation resource based on the concepts of the GeoExploratorium. It has as its main goal to provide tools for Geographical Knowledge building. The Townsville prototype is being developed to incorporate both multimedia and GIS elements, accessed through the appropriate use of metaphors.

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS (last 5 years)

(a) scholarly books

1.       Arrowsmith, C., Bellman, C., Cartwright, W., Jones, S. and Shortis, M. (eds), Geospatial Science Research_1, Melbourne

2.       Kriz, K., Cartwright, W. E. and Kinberger, M. (eds), 2012, Understanding Different Geographies, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

3.       Caquard, S., Vaughan, L. and Cartwright, W. E., (eds), 2011, Mapping Environmental Issues in the City: Arts and Cartography Cross Perspectives, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

4.       Kriz, K., Cartwright, W. E., and Hurni, A. (eds), 2010, Mapping Different Geographies, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

5.       Cartwright, W. E., Gartner, G. and Lehn, A. (eds), 2009, Art and Cartography, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

6.       Pettit, C., D. Duncan, D. Pullar, I. Bishop and W. Cartwright (Eds.), 2008, Landscape Analysis and Visualisation, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography Series, , Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

(b) scholarly book chapters

7.       Cartwright, W., 2012, “Understanding different geographies through drawings and sketches”, in Understanding Different Geographies, Kriz, K., and Cartwright, W. E. (eds), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

8.       Cartwright, W., 2012, “Artefacts and geospaces”, in Understanding Different Geographies, Kriz, K., and Cartwright, W. E. (eds), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

9.       Kriz, K., Cartwright, W. and Kinberger, M., 2012, “Understanding different geographies”, in Understanding Different Geographies, Kriz, K., and Cartwright, W. E. (eds), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

10.     Schrobesberger, D. and Cartwright, W., 2012, “The potential of using Web-mapping as a tool to support cultural history investigations”, in Understanding Different Geographies, Kriz, K., and Cartwright, W. E. (eds), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

11.     Cartwright, W., 2012, “Representing the City: Complementing Science and Technology with Art”, in DE-SIGNING DESIGN: Cartographies of Theory and Practice, (Textures: Philosophy/Literature/Culture Series, editor Hugh J. Silverman). Grierson, E.M., Edquist, H. & Frichot, H. (Eds.) Lexington Books (an imprint of Rowman & Littlefield).

12.     Cartwright, W., 2012, “Evaluating the effectiveness of Web-delivered mapping products”, in: Geospatial Science Research_1, Arrowsmith, C., Bellman, C., Cartwright, W., Jones, S. and Shortis, M. (eds), Melbourne:

13.     Elsley, M. and Cartwright, W., 2012, “Applying contemporary and collaborative Web concepts to the development of a geo-knowledge tool to assist park management”, in: Geospatial Science Research_1, Arrowsmith, C., Bellman, C., Cartwright, W., Jones, S. and Shortis, M. (eds), Melbourne:

14.     Marmo, C. Cartwright, W. and Yuille, J, 2012, “Geo-placed Knowledge: Environmental knowing in mixed reality”, in: Geospatial Science Research_1, Arrowsmith, C., Bellman, C., Cartwright, W., Jones, S. and Shortis, M. (eds), Melbourne:

15.     Quinn, B., Cartwright, W. and Handmer, J., 2012, “Creating static and dynamic visualisations for location based scenario training for firefighters”, in: Geospatial Science Research_1, Arrowsmith, C., Bellman, C., Cartwright, W., Jones, S. and Shortis, M. (eds), Melbourne:

16.     1Molyneux, C., Cartwright, W. and Handmer, J., 2012, “Evolution of student atlas map design in Australia”, in: Geospatial Science Research_1, Arrowsmith, C., Bellman, C., Cartwright, W., Jones, S. and Shortis, M. (eds), Melbourne:

17.     Kwan, M., Arrowsmith, C. and Cartwright, W., 2012, “Visualizing population movements within a region”, in: Geospatial Science Research_1, Arrowsmith, C., Bellman, C., Cartwright, W., Jones, S. and Shortis, M. (eds), Melbourne:

18.     Cartwright, W., 2012, “International associations and the provision of outreach programmes for education and training”, in Understanding Different Geographies, Zentai, L. and Reyez, J. (eds), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 1-27.

19.     Kwan, M., Cartwright, W. E., and Arrowsmith, C., 2011, “Tracking movements with mobile phone billing data: a case study with publically-available data”, LBS2011 Conference, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag,

20.     Cartwright, W., 2011, “New media in cartographic education”, DiBiase, D., Unwin, D., Tate, N. and Foote, K. (eds), Teaching Geographic Information Science and Technology in Higher Education, Wiley-Blackwell (UK).

21.     Cartwright, W., 2011, “The City as MetroMap: Envisioning Montreal”, in Mapping Environmental Issues in the City: Arts and Cartography Cross Perspectives, Caquard, S., Vaughan, L. and Cartwright, W. E., (eds), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 109-144.

22.     Caquard, S., Vaughan, L. and Cartwright, W., 2011, “Mapping from above/mapping from the ground: mapping environmental issues in the city”, in Mapping Environmental Issues in the City: Arts and Cartography Cross Perspectives, Caquard, S., Vaughan, L. and Cartwright, W. E., (eds), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp.1-8.

23.     Caquard, S., Vaughan, L. and Cartwright, W., 2011, “Multi-modal methods and methodologies”, in Mapping Environmental Issues in the City: Arts and Cartography Cross Perspectives, Caquard, S., Vaughan, L. and Cartwright, W. E., (eds), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 266-273.

24.     Cartwright, W. E., 2011, “Representations, Diagrams and Visualizations of Space and Place”, Advances in Cartography and GIScience, A. Ruas (ed), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 73-90.

25.     Elsley, M. and Cartwright, W. E., 2011, “Contemporary and collaborative web concepts as part of a geo-knowledge tool to assist park management”, Advances in Cartography and GIScience, A. Ruas (ed), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 261-277.

26.     Cartwright, W., 2010, “From plan press to button push: the development of technology for cartographic archiving and access”, in Preservation in Cartographic heritage, Jobst, M. (ed), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

27.     Zhu, M., Zhang and Cartwright, W., 2010, “An RFID/MEMS INS Integration Algorithm for Improving the Performance of Location Fingerprinting”, in Locations Based Services & TeleCartography, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

28.     Konecný, M. and Cartwright, W., 2010, “The International Cartographic Association (ICA)”, in Best Practices for Disaster Management and Emergency Response, Altan, O. Backhaus, R., Boccardo, P. and Szlantanova, S.(ed), Istanbul, Turkey: Joint Board of Geospatial Information Societies / United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, pp. 137-140.

29.     Cartwright, W., 2010, “Mapping Other (Geographical) Realities”, in Mapping Different Geographies, Kriz, K., Cartwright, W. E., and Hurni, A. (eds), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 11-25.

30.     Kriz, K., Cartwright, W. E., and Hurni, A., 2010, “Mapping Different Geographies”, in Mapping Different Geographies, Kriz, K., Cartwright, W. E., and Hurni, A. (eds), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 1-8.

31.     Cartwright, W., 2009, “Art and Cartographic Communication”, in Art and Cartography, W. Cartwright, G. Gartner and A. Lehn (eds), Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

32.     Cartwright, W., Gartner, G. and Lehn, A., 2009, “Maps and Mapping in the Eyes of Artists and Cartographers – Experiences from the International Symposium on Cartography and Art”, in Art and Cartography, W. Cartwright, G. Gartner and A. Lehn (eds), Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

33.     Piatti, B., Bär, H-R, Reuschel, A-K, Hurni, L. and Cartwright, W., 2009, “Mapping Literature: Towards a Geography of Fiction”, in Art and Cartography, W. Cartwright, G. Gartner and A. Lehn (eds), Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

34.     Cartwright, W. ,2009, Mapping, Distributed. In Kitchin R, Thrift N (eds) International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, Volume 1, pp. 368-371.Oxford: Elsevier.

35.     Cartwright, W., Miles, A., Morris, B., Vaughan, L. and Yuille, J., 2008, “Geo-Placed Knowledge: developing a methodology for provisioning stakeholders in natural environments management with integrated media tools”, in Geospatial Vision: New Dimensions in Cartography, A. Moore and I. Drecki (Eds.), Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 220 - 234.

36.     Cartwright, W.E., 2008, “Information access, depicting geography and geographical visualisation tools”, in Representing, Modeling and Visualizing the Natural Environment, Mount, N., Harvey, G., Aplin, P. and Priestnall, G. (eds), Innovations in GIS Series, CRC Press.

37.     Cartwright, W. E., 2008, “Visualizing Alternative Futures”, Landscape Analysis and Visualisation, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography Series, Pettit, C., D. Duncan, D. Pullar, I. Bishop and W. Cartwright (Eds.), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 489-507.

38.     Cartwright, W. E., and Quinn, B. 2008, “Computer games for interacting with a rural landscape”, Landscape Analysis and Visualisation, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography Series, Pettit, C., D. Duncan, D. Pullar, I. Bishop and W. Cartwright (Eds.), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Pp. 551-570.

39.     Pettit, C., Cartwright, W., Bishop, I., Lowell, K., Puller, D. and Duncan, D., 2008, “Understanding Landscapes through Knowledge Management Frameworks, Spatial Models, Decision Support Tools and Visualisation”, in Landscape Analysis and Visualisation, Pettit, C., Cartwright, W., Bishop, I., Lowell, K., Puller, D. and Duncan, D., (eds.), Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography Series, Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 3-16.

40.     Cartwright, W. E., 2008, “Re-visiting the use of Surrogate Walks for Exploring Local Geographies Using Non-immersive Multimedia”, Geographic Visualization, Dodge, M. and Perkins, C. (Eds.), London: Wiley, pp. 109-140.

41.     Plesa, M. A. and Cartwright, W. E., 2008, “The State of the Art of Map-Based Mobile Services”, in Map-based Mobile Services: Design, Interaction and Usability, Meng, L., Zipf, A. and Winter, S. (eds.), Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography Series, Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 80-104.

42.     Cartwright, W. E., 2008, “Decomposing the Map”, International perspectives of maps on the Internet, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography Series, Peterson, M. P. (Ed.), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 11 – 30.

43.     da Silva Ramos, C., Cartwright, W. E., and Dion de Almeida, R., 2008, “Issues in School Web Atlas Use: thet prototype atlas of Rio Claro - Brazil”, International perspectives of maps on the Internet, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography Series, Peterson, M. P. (Ed.), Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 239 - 250.

44.     Cartwright, W. E., 2008 , “Mapping in a Digital Age”, Handbook of Geographic Information Science, J. P. Wilson and A. S. Fotheringham eds. Oxford: Blackwell publishers, pp. 199 - 221.

45.     Cartwright, W. E., 2008, “Web-Delivered 3D Collaborative Decision-making Tools”, Manual of GIS, Madden, M. (ed), Bethesda, MD: American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.

(c) refereed journal articles

46.     Cartwright, W. 2012, “Neocartography: opportunities, issues and prospects”, South African Journal of Geomatics, Vol. 1, No. 1, January 2012, pp. 14-29.

47.     Cartwright, W. 2011, “Advancing Global Cartography and GIScience”, The Cartographic Journal, Vol. 48 No. 2, pp. 81–85, journal of the British Cartographic Society.

48.     Jenny, H., Jenny, B., Cartwright, W. and Hurni, L., 2011, “Interactive Local Terrain Deformation Inspired by Hand-painted Panoramas”, The Cartographic Journal, 48:1, journal of the British Cartographic Society.

49.     Cartwright, W. E., 2011, “Maps, diagrams and from the Gallipoli Campaign 1915”, Access: Ways of Drawing Out: thinking, mapping, designing, communicating beyond the boundaries, 30:1.

50.     Cartwright, W. E., 2010, “The International Cartographic Association and Educational Outreach”, Revista Cartográfica, journal of the Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia.

51.     Cartwright, W. E., 2010, “Exploring Space: Lessons from Applying Interactive Integrated Media for Visualising Geography”, The Globe, journal of the Australian and New Zealand Map Society.

52.     Cartwright, W. E., 2010, “Addressing the value of art in cartographic communication”, Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Volume 65, Issue 3, May 2010, pp. 294-299.

53.     Caquard, S., Piatti, B., and Cartwright, W., 2009, “Introduction to the Special Issue”, The Cartographic Journal, Vol. 46, No. 4, , pp. 289-291, journal of the British Cartographic Society.

54.     Cartwright, W., 2009, “Applying the Theatre metaphor to integrated media for depicting geography” The Cartographic Journal, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 24-35, February 2009.

55.     Cartwright, W., 2009, “Google maps and mobile devices: can just one generic design work?”, Revista Brasileira de Cartografia.

56.     Xia, J., Arrowsmith, C., Jackson, M. and Cartwright, W. E., 2008, “The Wayfinding Process - Relationships between Decision making and landmark Utility”, Tourism Management, pp. 445 – 457.

(d) refereed conference articles

57.     Cartwright, W., 2012, “The effectiveness of Web-delivered mapping products”, proceedings of SOMap2012, Vienna, Austria: International Cartographic Association Commission on Map Production and Geo Business, November 2012.

58.     Cartwright, W., 2012, “Building geo-historical albums as geo-narratives of personal geogaphies”, proceedings of GeoCart2012, Auckland New Zealand: New Zealand Cartographic Society, August 2012.

59.     Marmo, C., Cartwright, W. E., and Yuille, J., 2011, “Context-aware Geovisualisation: Utilising place with location based data”, proceedings of LBS2011 Conference, Vienna, Austria: TU Wien, November 2011, CD-ROM.

60.     Kwan, M., Cartwright, W. E., and Arrowsmith, C., 2011, “Tracking movements with mobile phone billing data: a case study with publically-available data”, proceedings of LBS2011 Conference, Vienna, Austria: TU Wien, November 2011, CD-ROM.

61.     Elsley, M. and Cartwright, W., 2011, “Issues related to the use of non-traditional, digital data sources for enhancing park management data”, Surveying and Spatial Sciences Institute Conference Proceedings 2011, Wellington, New Zealand: Surveying and Spatial Sciences Institute.

62.     Cartwright, W. E., 2011, “Representations, Diagrams and Visualizations of Space and Place”, proceedings of the 24th International Cartographic Conference, Paris, France: International Cartographic Association, July, pp 12.

63.     Elsley, M. and Cartwright, W. E., 2011, “Contemporary and collaborative web concepts as part of a geo-knowledge tool to assist park management”, proceedings of the 24th International Cartographic Conference, Paris, France: International Cartographic Association, July, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp 8.

64.     Marmo, C., Cartwright, W. E., and Yuille, J., 2011, “Context-aware geovisualisation: utilising place with location based data”, proceedings of the 24th International Cartographic Conference, Paris, France: International Cartographic Association, July, pp 8.

65.     Quinn, B. and Cartwright, W. E., 2011, “Location based mobile games for learning and decision making”, proceedings of the 24th International Cartographic Conference, Paris, France: International Cartographic Association, July, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp 8.

66.     Jenny, H., Jenny, B., Cartwright, W. E. and Hurni, L., 2011, “Geometric design alternatives for topographic 3D maps inspired by hand-painted panoramas”, proceedings of the 24th International Cartographic Conference, Paris, France: International Cartographic Association, July, 8 pp.

67.     Field, K., O’Brien, J. and Cartwright, W. E., 2011, “Exploring cartographic design in social-network map mashups”, proceedings of the 24th International Cartographic Conference, Paris, France: International Cartographic Association, July, pp 8.

68.     Zhu, M., Zhang and Cartwright, W., 2010, “An RFID/MEMS INS Integration Algorithm for Improving the Performance of Location Fingerprinting”, 7th International Symposium on Location Based Services & TeleCartography (LBS 2010), 20th - 22nd September, 2010, Spatial Information Research Center, SIRC, School of Computer, South China Normal University Guangzhou, China.

69.     Cartwright, W., 2010, “Cartographic Artefacts and Warfare: Gallipoli 1915”, proceedings of GeoCart2008, Auckland New Zealand: New Zealand Cartographic Society, September 2010. ISBN 978-0-473-17612-9.

70.     Marmo, C., Cartwright, W. and Yuille, J., 2010, “Knowledge in (geo)visualisation: The relationship between seeing and thinking”, proceedings of GeoCart2008, Auckland New Zealand: New Zealand Cartographic Society, September 2010. ISBN 978-0-473-17612-9.

71.     Marmo, C., Cartwright, W. and Yuille, J., 2010, “Drawing Knowledge”, proceedings of OZCHI 2010, November 22-26, 2010, Brisbane, Australia.

72.     Cartwright, W., 2010, “Maps, sketches and annotations: representations of the geography of conflict - Gallipoli 1915”, proceedings of Drawing Out 2010, Melbourne, Australia: RMIT University/University of the Arts London, April 7-9, 2010.

73.     Marmo, C., Cartwright, W. and Yuille, J., 2010, “Drawing Knowledge”, proceedings of Drawing Out 2010, Melbourne, Australia: RMIT University/University of the Arts London, April 7-9, 2010.

74.     Elsley, M. and Cartwright, W., 2010, “Web 2.0 and other Web-based applications in the geo realm”, proceedings of GeoCart2008, Auckland New Zealand: New Zealand Cartographic Society, September 2010. ISBN 978-0-473-17612-9.

75.     Cartwright, W., 2009, “Using Web 2.0 for Mapping Alternative Australian Viewpoints”, proceedings of ICC2009, Santiago, Chile: International Cartographic Association, November 16-21, 2009. ISBN 978-1-907075-02-5.

76.     Cartwright, W. and Quinn, B., 2009, “The design of a location based mobile learning system incorporating visualisations of bushfires”, proceedings of ICC2009, Santiago, Chile: International Cartographic Association, November 16-21, 2009.

77.     Cartwright, W., 2009, “Small Voices Magnified: Using Web 2.0 for Mapping Alternative Australian Viewpoints”, Spatial Sciences Institute Conference Proceedings 2009, Adelaide: Spatial Sciences Institute.

78.     Zhang, K., Zhu, M., Retscher, G., Wu, F. and Cartwright, W., 2008, “Indoor Three-Dimensional Positioning Algorithms Using an Integrated RFID/INS System in Multi-storey Buildings”, Symposium Proceedings, LBS2008, Salzburg, Austria.

79.     Cartwright, W., 2008, “(Re)considering geographical information communication in the era of Web 2.0”, proceedings of GeoCart2008, Auckland New Zealand: New Zealand Cartographic Society, September 1-3, 2008.

80.     Elsley, M. and Cartwright, W., 2008, “Good Cartographic Design and GIS”, proceedings of GeoCart2008, Auckland New Zealand: New Zealand Cartographic Society, September 1-3, 2008.

81.     Cartwright, W. E., Arrowsmith, C., Miles, A., Morris, B, Vaughan, L. and Yuille, J., 2008, “Geo-placed Knowledge: developing a methodology for provisioning stakeholders in natural environments management with integrated media tools”, proceedings of the SSI Queensland Conference, Brisbane, Queensland: Spatial Sciences Institute, Queensland, July 17-19, 2008.

82.     Arrowsmith, C. and Cartwright, W. E., 2008, “A virtual geomorphic atlas for undergraduate teaching of geomorphology”, proceedings of the SSI Queensland Conference, Brisbane, Queensland: Spatial Sciences Institute, Queensland, July 17-19, 2008.

(e) other

83.     Cartwright, W., 2012, “Narrative of a personal geography of warfare”, Brisbane International Geospatial Forum, Brisbane: MSIA/IMTA/ANZMaps, July 2012.

84.     Molyneux, C. and Cartwright, W., 2012, “Design considerations for multi-published maps”, Brisbane International Geospatial Forum, Brisbane: MSIA/IMTA/ANZMaps, July 2012.

85.     Cartwright, W., 2011, “International associations and the provision of outreach programmes for education and training”, Joint ICA Symposium, Orleans, France June 30 - July 1, 2011.

86.     Cartwright, W., 2011, “Collaborative, crowd-sourced and self-generated maps: opportunities, issues and challenges for the Cartography / GIscience community”, South-East Asian Surveying Conference, Kualar Lumpur, Malaysia, June 2011.

87.     Cartwright, W., 2011, “Dynamic content, representations and drawings: Artefacts for understanding geographies”, South-East Asian Surveying Conference, Kualar Lumpur, Malaysia, June 2011.

88.     Cartwright, W., 2011, “Possibilities and Issues in Contemporary Mapping”, GeoSpatial World, January 2011, pp. 44 – 48, Delhi, India: GIS Development.

89.     Jenny, H., Jenny, B., Cartwright, W. and Hurni, L., 2011, “Creating Panoramic Strip Format Maps using Interactive Terrain Deformation”, GI_Forum.

90.     Cartwright, W., 2010, “Gallipoli”, proceedings of Third International Conference on Cartography and GIS, Nessebar, Bulgaria, 15-20 June 2010.

91.     Cartwright, W., 2010, International Cartographic Association - Report on last 12 months activities as President, in Mapping Sciences National: Connected, August 2010, pp. 22-28.

92.     Cartwright, W., 2010, “Changing role of geospatial associations”, GIM magazine, January 2010.

93.     Cartwright, W., 2010, “Maps: Changing Approach”, Coordinates, vol. VI, issue 4, April 2010, pp. 7 – 11, Delhi, India: Centre for Geoinformation Technologies.

94.     Cartwright, W., 2010, “Some Challenges for Geospatial Associations in the Second Decade of the Millennium”, GIS Development, Delhi, India: GIS Development.

95.     Cartwright, W., 2010, “Web 2.0 user/producer and changes to map publishing”, MapLines, newsletter of the British Cartographic Society, Spring 2010, pp. 4-5.

96.     Hyland, T. and Cartwright, W. E., 2009, “Developing 3D landscape visualisations for Google Earth® with Google SketchUp”, Mapping Sciences National, Issue 23, May 2009, pp. 4-6, Brisbane: Mapping Sciences Institute, Australia.

97.     Cartwright, W., 2009, “Keynote: Moving from map and geospatial information provision with the Web to collaborative publishing using Web 2.0”, proceedings of Geographentag 2009 – German Geography Society Conference, Vienna, Austria, September 2009.

98.     Cartwright, W., 2009, “Web 2.0, map production & publishing and geospatial information dissemenation”, proceedings of United Nations Regional Cartography Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, October 26-30, 2009.

99.     Cartwright, W., 2009, “Considerations for using Google maps and imagery with mobile devices”, 6th International Symposium on LBS & TeleCartography, Nottingham, United Kingdom, 2-4 September 2009.

100.    Cartwright, W., 2009, “Visualising Alternative Futures using Open Source technologies”, First Open Source GIS UK Conference, Nottingham, United Kingdom, June 2009.

101.    Cartwright, W., 2009, “Keynote: Exploring Space: Lessons from Applying Interactive Integrated Media for Visualising Geography”, proceedings Mapping Sciences Institute / Australian Map Circle conference, Mapping Sciences Institute / Australian Map Circle: Brisbane, March 15-17, 2009.

102.    Cartwright, W., 2009, “Australia Exploring Space: Lessons from Applying Interactive Integrated Media for Visualising Geography”, ICA Symposium for Central and Eastern Europe, Vienna: Austria, February 2009.

103.    Cartwright, W., 2009, “Mapping Different Geographies”, Symposium on Mapping Different Geographies, Puchberg: Austria, February 2009.

104.    Cartwright, W. E., 2008, “Art and Cartography”, in GIM International, Vol. 22, Issue 6, June 2008.

105.    Cartwright, W., 2008, “Placing Visualisations”, proceedings of Affective Atlas Symposium, Melbourne: RMIT Affective Atlas Research Group, October 21, 2008.

106.    Arrowsmith, C., Hyland, T. and Cartwright, W. E., 2008, “Developing a virtual geomorphic atlas”, proceedings of the SSI Queensland Conference, Brisbane, Queensland: Spatial Sciences Institute, Queensland, July 17-19, 2008.

107.    Cartwright, W. E., 2008, “Art and Cartography”, proceedings of the Symposium – Art and Cartography, Vienna, Austria: International Cartographic Association Working Group on Art and Cartography, Cartwright, Gartner and Lehre (Eds), February 1 and 2, 2008, CD-ROM.

Research projects

GeoExploratorium
An investigation into the use of non-map metaphors

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A prototype, given the name GeoExploratorium was used to test one of the methods of multimedia evaluation. The underlying concept behind the product was that in many cases users of the system 'browse’ the interface to ‘see’ the types of elements about which the complete spatial database could be interrogated to elaborate and expand upon. Once the multimedia interface user has found the general type of information they needed, they can then interrogate the information provided and, when built, link to a GIS package ‘behind’ the interface and interrogate that GIS system for more precise and concise database information. The interactive package was built to test a combination of metaphors in addition to the map metaphor. It contained information about buildings of architectural significance in a small township, providing a multimedia historical and geographic information base. It was developed as a combination discrete/distributed multimedia product. The discrete unit contained a coordinated collection of different types of information that can be readily accessed on demand. A package of mapping, photographic and video screen frames was supported by a textual base that offers information about the images displayed.

References:

Cartwright, W.E., 2004, “Using the web for focussed geographical storytelling via gameplay”, proceedings of UPIMap 2004, The First international Joint Workshop on Ubiquitous, Pervasive and Internet Mapping, Tokyo, Japan: International Cartographic Association Commission on Ubiquitous Cartography, pp. 89 - 109.

Cartwright, W. E., 2001, “Applying the GeoExploratorium to geography teaching programmes”, proceedings of the 19th International Cartographic Conference, Beijing, Chiina: International Cartographic Association, August, vol. 3 .,pp. 1748 – 1755.

Space and Place

Nowaday's precise geo-scientific documents provide the tools for exploration and discovery, accurate tools of warfare, records of new lands and settlements, depictions of communications and national development and artifacts for tourists and conveyances for armchair travellers. They are useful, accurate and powerful information provision tools. But one might consider that maps can depict different information to different users who ‘see’ and place and space as two different things, but usually do not see them as altogether different concepts?

Do the ‘tools’ for geographical visualization change the viewpoint of space or place and therefore, if so, is a ‘jaundiced’ view of (geographical) reality provided which aids in the construction of a particular mental map and thus an individual’s perception of place and space. What does this mean for the providers of tools to assist in the teaching of geography? And, is it better to provide tools for exploration that enable users to consider place as well as space?

References:

Cartwright, W. E.. and Heath, G., 2002, “Geography as Seen from the Window: Findings About Viewpoint-Specific Images of Geography Defined by Tools of Visualization”, Cartography, Mapping Sciences Institute, Australia, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 103 - 117.

Cartwright, W.E., 2001, "New Media and Geographical Visualization: Space and Place", The Globe, no. 51, pp. 17 - 27.

Townsville Geoknowledge Project

$Description: W:\user\cartwright\Townsville.jpg$ The Townsville prototype is being developed to incorporate both multimedia and GIS elements, accessed through the appropriate use of metaphors, in the first instance incorporating Cartwright’s Sage metaphor with Bob William’s SAGE concept. The prototype was designed for World Wide Web browser delivery, requiring minimal plug-ins – for Flash and QuickTime movies. As this is being used as a test bed for the GeoExploratorium two access interfaces have been provided as part of the initial interface, a ‘map’ of information resources and a 3D Information Landscape that the user can move through.

Work continues on this project and an overall 3D Map shop VRML interface is being ‘built’. This will provide an intuitive way in which users can initially gain ‘entry’ into the virtual map shop. Also, a documentary and photographic archive is being sourced. This will be used to provide ‘non-cartographic’ artifacts to explore the information space. Also, an associated and complimentary product is being developed as part of this overall project. What if scenario modelling, using GIS to provide projected scenarios to assist decision-making is underway. It is proposed that this product will be used in conjunction with the multimedia product.

This research is supported through a research grant from the Department of Defence, Australia, and particularly the Command and Control Division, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Edinburgh, South Australia.

References:

Cartwright, W., Williams, B. and Pettit, C., 2003, “Rich Media and enhanced GIS: theoretical background and profile of an exploration into innovative ways to (geo)informate”, proceedings of the ISPRS Workshop on Spatial Analysis and Decision Making, International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing: Hong Kong (forthcoming).

Cartwright, W.E., Williams, B. and Pettit, C., 2003, “Geographical Visualization Using Rich Media and Enhanced GIS”, proceedings of MODSIM Conference, Townsville, July 2003.

Cartwright, W., Williams, B. and Pettit, C., 2003, “Realizing the ‘Literate Traveller’”, Spatial Sciences Institute Conference Proceedings 2003, Spatial Sciences Institute: Canberra.

Cartwright, W. E. and Williams, B., 2003, “Exploration of the potential of using the concept of the GeoExploratorium for facilitating acquisition of Geographical Knowledge: First cut”, proceedings of the 20th International Cartographic Conference, Durban, South Africa: International Cartographic Association, August.

Geographical Storytelling
An investigation into the application of the storytelling metaphor.

When multimedia was ‘new’ a number of writers, commented about the needs for the geosciences for not only providing ‘location’ information, but also ‘enhanced’ geographical information. Langran (1992) submitted that it is important to know that change has occurred and it is also important to try to understand what possible factors affected the change. Papert (1993) saw that certain things must be taken into consideration if one is to properly address the use of ‘different”’ geo-spatial depicters, those that allow users to construct their own mindsets of data and hence their own interpretation of geographic phenomena. Geographical storytelling looks at the application of the map metaphor to provision a resource that determines how best to construct New Media tools to facilitate ‘good’ storytelling about things geographical And, the geography that can be ‘mapped’ in different ways using New Media can be not just the physical or human world, but the cultural and spiritual worlds as well.
For geography, stories can just provide statements of facts, where no embellishment is required and the user only wants to know 'the facts'. These facts can be stand-alone, or supported by 'on-line' experts who are able to give expert opinions on the geographical space being explored. It may be a narrative, where a documentary-type video, supported by a comprehensive, and interactive, narrative can 'walk' a user through 'unknown territory'. Users may construct their own story, or be 'talked' through an area, where they construct a story using programme support materials and aural navigation aids. Finally they may decide that they wish to experience a landscape by investigating a 'literate landscape' by being told a story.
When producing conventional mapping products the terms of scale, symbolisation, classification and generalisation are used to define the amount of information provided and the detail illustrated. It is argued that the same terms can be applied to Geographical Storytelling, whereby the stories are geographically referenced and ‘scaled’ and their contents classified and generalised (ie more generalised stories developed). Methodologies need to be developed and trialled so as to provide ‘best practice’ guidelines for building such products. For example, when using scale the amount of detail that a story provides is determined by the scale chosen. A very small scale will cover a large area, but only provide general details. At a large scale a much smaller geographical ‘footprint’ is made, and the story provided will contain much more detailed text. Accordingly, scale determines how much a reader can ‘zoom’ into a story. Similarly, how information is symbolised dictates the genre of the story. Classification allows for similar stories to be clustered and assembled in a hierarchy. Generalisation is directly related to scale – the smaller the scale the greater the generalisation of the storytelling.

This research will use geographically-referenced interactive New Media artefacts to tell stories related to the geographies of indigenous peoples. It will address the methods needed to intertwine real geographies with spiritual geographies. Also, it will build and test a ‘proof-of –concept’ product that will be used to link geo-referenced significant landscapes, places and art that can be used to ‘ground truth’ the collection of geographical stories. This product will be built with contemporary New Media tools that can be employed to navigate through the story ‘place’ and to link between the various component parts of the product so as to provide a usable interpretation tool.

Langran, G., 1992, “States, Events and Evidence: The principle Entities of a Temporal GIS”, GIS/LIS ‘92 Proceedings. San Jose: ACSM-ASPRS-URISA-AM/FM, vol. 1, pp 416 - 435.
Papert, S, 1993, The Children’s Machine: Rethinking School in the Age of the Computer, New York: BasicBooks.

References:

Senbergs, Z., Cartwright, W. E., Black, M. Greenspan, B., and Arrowsmith, C., 2005, “Geographical Storeytelling ”, Spatial Sciences Institute Conference Proceedings 2005, Melbourne: Spatial Sciences Institute, ISBN 0-9581366-2-9.

Cartwright , W. E., 2004, “Exploring and Discovering Geographical Facts Using Geographical Storytelling”, proceedings of Image, Text & Sound International Conference, Melbourne: School of Creative Media, RMIT Publishing, ISBN 0864593546.

Public participation and geographical visualization tools

A collaborative investigation into the use of geographical visualization tools for community decision-making support.
With Professor Mike Berry, Dr Anitra Nelson (both from Design and Social Context, RMIT) and Dr Chris Pettit (Department of Primary Industries, Victoria).

A project is underway to supplement these processes with a World Wide Web (Web)-delivered interactive 3D tool. What was proposed to members of the Jewell Urban Village community group, which operates in an inner urban area of Melbourne, Australia, was to provision them with a Web-delivered VRML product that would allow them to ‘build’ and assess 3D scenarios as part of a collaborative group at face-to-face meetings or individually, on-line. The tool has been developed using Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) and designed to be delivered via the Web, and used at home or at Internet cafes that are located in the application area and thus easily accessible by community members. It will also be used at meetings, where the tool is ‘driven’ by an experienced operator to support collaborative meetings and discussions

The focus of the application is to evaluate qualitative components of proposed urban planning and development scenarios visualization tool that depicts the environment as a naïve representation of the real environment. As the collaborative decision-making team has a comprehensive and detailed knowledge of the study area the methods of decision-making that can be completed using the package will be evaluated against the more traditional tools.

This project is partially supported by a RMIT University Virtual Research and Innovation Institutes (VRII) Grant.

References:

Cartwright , W. E., Pettit, C., Nelson, A. and Berry, M., 2005, “Towards an Understanding of how the ‘Geographical Dirtiness' (complexity) of a Virtual Environment Changes User Perceptions of a Space” , In Zerger, A. and Argent, R.M. (eds) MODSIM 2005 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, December 2005, pp. 3037–3044 . ISBN: 0-9758400-2-9. http://www.mssanz.org.au/modsim05/papers/cartwright.pdf .

Cartwright , W. E. Pettit, C., Nelson, A. and Berry, M., 2005, “Community collaborative decision-making tools: determining the extent of ‘geographical dirtiness' for effective displays”, proceedings of the 21st International Cartographic Conference, A Coruña, Spain: International Cartographic Association, July, CD-ROM.

Cartwright, W. E., Pettit, C., Nelson, A. and Berry, M., 2004, “Building community collaborative decision-making tools based on the concepts of naive geography”, GIScience 2004, Washington, D. C., USA: Association of American Geographers.

Nelson, A., Berry, M., Pettit, C., and Cartwright, W., 2004, Direct governance-the challenges of public participatory planning support systems, Proceeding of the Community Development and Human Rights at the Grassroots Conference, 14-17 April 2004, Melbourne.

Pettit, C. Nelson, A. Cartwright, W., 2004, Using On-line Geographical Visualisation Tools to Improve Land Use Decision-Making with a Bottom-up Community Participatory Approach, Recent Advanced in Design & Decision Support Systems in Architecture and Urban Planning (Eds. J.P. von Leeuwen & H J.P. Timmermans), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 53 – 68.

Pettit, C., Cartwright, W.E., More, G. and Burry, M., 2003, “Synthesizing Visual and Acoustic City information for Understanding and Navigation”, proceedings of GeoCart2003 National Cartographic Conference, Taupo, New Zealand: New Zealand Cartographic Society.

MapShop

The Map Shop theory was conceived as a virtual resource that provides geographical information through the conventional tools of maps, air photographs etc., but also via books, games, videos and expert advice (Cartwright, 1998). From explorations of the use of New Media for the provision of geographical information the idea was developed that using a 3D product that is designed to appear to be more game-like might provide an appropriate tool schema, and one that the further development of the Virtual Map Shop (and associated research) should take. The interest here is related to developing and testing strategies that would provide innovative access to geographical information, but also ensure that users acknowledge that they are in fact using a scientific product.

To enable a ‘proof-of-concept’ product to be constructed using the concepts of gaming VRML was used to develop a Virtual Map Shop. This application was designed to emulate what the user might like to find by exploring the virtual space in a serendipitous way, with the actual information access and subsequent provision engineered so as to ensure that all needed information was assured.   The Map Shop was designed to contain similar information to that contained within the Townsville GeoKnowledge New Media composite product (see Cartwright et al., 2003 for a complete description of this project). It was envisaged that the user would access the information access ‘cues’ in a serendipitous way and in so doing, ‘discover’ information about the town.

References:

Cartwright, W. E., 1998, The Use of Multimedia for the Visualization of Geographical Phenomena, unpublished PhD thesis, The University of Melbourne.

Cartwright, W., Williams, B. and Pettit, C., 2003b, “Realizing the ‘Literate Traveller’”, Spatial Sciences Institute Conference Proceedings 2003, Spatial Sciences Institute: Canberra.

Cartwright , W., 2005, “Developing a Virtual Map Shop as an Interface for Accessing Geographical Information”, Spatial Sciences Institute Conference Proceedings 2005, Melbourne: Spatial Sciences Institute, ISBN 0-9581366-2-9.